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Synaptic proteins and receptors are crucial components of the intricate communication system within the nervous system. They play fundamental roles in transmitting signals between neurons at specialized junctions called synapses. These proteins and receptors work together to ensure the precise and efficient transmission of information, ultimately governing various aspects of brain function and behavior.

Synaptic proteins are a diverse group of molecules that are primarily localized at synapses. They include presynaptic proteins, which are found in the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, and postsynaptic proteins, which are located in the dendrites or cell body of the postsynaptic neuron. These proteins are involved in processes such as synaptic vesicle release, neurotransmitter synthesis and transport, postsynaptic receptor clustering, and synaptic plasticity.
One key group of synaptic proteins is the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins. SNARE proteins play a central role in mediating the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, leading to the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. They include synaptobrevin/VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein), syntaxin, and SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein 25). These proteins assemble into a complex known as the SNARE complex, which drives membrane fusion and neurotransmitter release.